Skip to Content

Product Label Builder PRO

5.0 / 5
https://garazd.biz/web/image/product.template/112/image_1920?unique=db1df8a

333.86
333.86 383
333.8634530121193 USD

Not Available For Sale

  • Odoo Version

  • Price

This combination does not exist.

Price: Paid

Overview

Product Label Builder by Garazd Creation improves the label printing experience in Odoo. While standard printing features are limited to a few predefined labels and basic settings, the module enables custom label creation, provides a wide range of ready-made templates, and offers advanced printing options.
Availability
Odoo Online
Odoo.sh
On Premise
Compatibility
Community
Enterprise
Technical Name garazd_product_label_pro
Version 19.0.1.2.0
License OPL-1
Category
Support Free 60 days support and 360 days bug-fixing

Use Case

Jorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc vulputate libero et velit interdum, ac aliquet odio mattis. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.

Forem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc vulputate libero et velit interdum, ac aliquet odio mattis. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.

Dorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc vulputate libero et velit interdum, ac aliquet odio mattis.

It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page

Korem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc vulputate libero et velit interdum, ac aliquet odio mattis. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.

Korem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc vulputate libero et velit interdum, ac aliquet odio mattis.

Odoo App Installation

Upload modules

Upload modules from the ZIP archive to your Odoo hosting, or a GitHub repository connected there.

Place the unzipped modules in your custom add-on directory and restart the Odoo system service.

Update App List

After restarting, activate the Developer Mode, and go to the Apps menu.

Odoo Update App List

Click on Update Apps List to fetch the new modules in the list.

Activate the App

Install the new module, finding it by name and clicking on the Activate button.

Odoo App Installation

* If you don't see the module, try to remove the default Apps filter from the search bar.

Configuration

Follow the instructions in the module description to complete the installation process and start using the app.

View Odoo App Description

Manual

Selecting Products for Label Printing

After installation, the module allows label printing from any product list. Select one or multiple products and choose Print - Custom Product Labels to open the print wizard:

On the product page, label printing is available via the actions menu - Custom Product Labels:

To print labels from other Odoo documents, use the following extensions:

Label Templates

The Odoo Label Builder Professional allows creating new label templates from scratch and includes nine predefined templates available for editing.

Seven templates for products:

Two templates for partners:

Template Management

To manage label templates, open the print wizard and click Actions - Label Templates:

Template management is also available in developer mode via: Settings - Technical - Reporting - Label Templates.

The template list provides a summary of each template and allows for deactivating templates (inactive templates are archived and unavailable for selection):

Configuration

Replacing the Standard Print Wizard

To use this module via the Print Labels button, replace the standard Odoo print wizard:

Open the Settings — General Settings menu and in the Custom Labels section, enable the Replace Standard Print Wizard option:

Then, Save the settings.

Preview Data

In General Settings, under the Custom Labels section, configure data used for label preview in the print wizard:

  • Choose a demo or real product
  • Specify regular and promotional pricelists
  • Select a partner for address labels
  • Click Save
Select a product with a barcode to generate meaningful label previews.

ZPL Configuration

In the same settings section, default values for ZPL label printing can be configured:

  • Select Print Density based on the printer
  • Define label Rotation angle

The same settings are also available at the individual label template level under the Page tab:

Values defined at the template level override general settings.

User Settings

Per-user configuration is supported on the user form. Go to the Preferences tab and configure the Custom Labels section:

  • Default Template: defines the default template in the print wizard
  • Allowed Templates: restricts available templates for the user
Template restrictions do not apply to system administrators.

Label Samples

The preview of Product Labels 57x38 mm:

Labels in PDF format

Product Labels 57x38 mm and 52x30 mm:

Product Label 99x38 mm:

Product Labels 50x89 mm and 50x25 mm:

Product Labels 101x50 mm / 4" x 2" (Letter: 10 pcs, 2x5):

Product Labels 100x100 mm:

Address Labels 101x34 mm / 4" x 1-1/3" (Letter: 14 pcs, 2x7):

Address Labels 66x25 mm / 2⅝" x 1" (Letter: 30 pcs, 3x10):

Changelog

15.0.1.10.1 2025-06-18

  • Fix adding of the horizontal gap between labels for multi-label sheets.

15.0.1.10.0 2025-01-27

  • Add the barcode option "Symbology" - barcode type with the available values: EAN8, EAN13, Code128, Auto.
  • Add the barcode option "Human-readable".
  • Add the PDF preview to the wizard, label template and label section form views. To preview labels in the real generated form.
  • Add an option to improve barcode quality using the system parameter "garazd_product_label_pro.barcode_multiplier". The default value is 1, to enhance the quality increase this value.

15.0.1.9.5 2024-06-17

  • Enhance the price processing methods.

15.0.1.9.4 2024-06-12

  • Fix the digit format for the "Price" label field.

15.0.1.9.3 2024-04-24

  • Add checks for digit values formatting.

15.0.1.9.2 2023-12-15

  • Fix getting a currency for the product price when pricelist is not specified.

15.0.1.9.1 2023-11-20

  • Fix using the barcode widget for digits fields.

15.0.1.9.0 2023-11-14

  • Fix access rights for internal users without Administration rights.
  • Implement setting of the default label templates for users.
  • Implement converting of URLs from relative URL type to absolute by the "Make absolute URL" option.
  • Allow to use the widget "barcode" for any field.

15.0.1.8.0 2023-09-19

  • Add the "Label Templates" menu to the "Action" wizard menu.
  • Improve the quality of QR codes - increase a code image dpi.
  • Add the "Archived" widget for label sections.
  • Fix a QR code sizes calculation.
  • Implement shortening of URLs with the link tracker Odoo feature.
  • Add an option to specify to add a product attrubute name or not to the "Product Attributes" section.

15.0.1.7.0 2023-08-22

  • Add the print wizard option "Sale Pricelist".
  • Add settings for the module to the General Settings. Move label preview settings to the section "Label printing".
  • Remove the button box section with "Templates" button. You can open templates through the Settings - Technical - Reporting menu.
  • Add new type "Multi Price" of label sections to show product prices based on quantity.
  • Add new type "Promo Price" of label sections.
  • Add new type "Price" of label sections.

15.0.1.6.0 2023-07-07

  • Add ability to use "Selection" fields.
  • Add ability to use the "Date" an "Datetime" fields in label templates.

15.0.1.5.0 2023-06-21

  • Implement resetting of field values in label section UI.
  • Add ability to select Many2one fields for the Relation Field in label template sections.

15.0.1.4.0 2023-05-13

  • Implement ability to make custom multi labels on paper rolls, for example, 2 labels in row 50x25 mm for the paper roll with width 105 mm.
  • Add a section type "Product Attributes" to print product variant atributes with values.

15.0.1.3.0 2023-04-29

  • Add feature to print product label directly (without download).

15.0.1.2.0 2023-04-17

  • Add a section type "Image" to upload own images and put them to labels.
  • Add the widget "QR Code" to print QR codes.
  • Add the widget "Image" to print binary field values.

15.0.1.1.0 2023-03-21

  • Improve the product label "Price" field.

15.0.1.0.0 2023-02-17

  • Initial version.

16.0.1.16.2 2025-07-22

  • Implement the Date and Datetime value processing with the current user timezone.

16.0.1.16.1 2025-06-18

  • Fix adding of the horizontal gap between labels for multi-label sheets.

16.0.1.16.0 2025-02-14

  • Add a demo stock picking using in the label designer.
  • Add the Show Boundaries option to show the overlay on the editable section in the preview during design.
  • Remove the default setting of demo pricelists to avoid error in a multi-company environment.
  • Add the parameter "garazd_product_label_pro.barcode_multiplier" to enhance the barcode quality.
  • Add an image to show on preview when a product does not have a barcode.
  • Improve the search of model fields by the technical names.
  • Hide technical fields of product label lines when selecting a model field.

16.0.1.15.3 2024-12-03

  • Add the price date field to calculate pricelist based prices that depend on the price validity period. It can be used to print labels for future periods as a preparation for promotions and sales.
  • Improve the print wizard form.

16.0.1.15.2 2024-11-04

  • Improve displaying of the "Product Attributes" type for label sections.

16.0.1.15.1 2024-10-31

  • Add the option to specify allowed product attributes for the "Product Attributes" type of label sections.

16.0.1.15.0 2024-10-22

  • Add the barcode option "Symbology" - barcode type with the available values: EAN8, EAN13, Code128, Auto.
  • Add the barcode option "Human-readable".
  • Add the PDF preview to the wizard, label template and label section form views. To preview labels in the real generated form.
  • Add an option to specify a font for label sections. It includes the following available fonts from the Google Fonts collection: Lato, Roboto, Open Sans, Montserrat, Oswald, Raleway, Tajawal.
  • Add a new widget "Attribute Values" to show available product attribute values and highlight the active attribute value for the label product.
  • Add the value processing options the "Prefix" and "Suffix".

16.0.1.14.2 2024-09-09

  • Enhance the price processing methods.

16.0.1.14.1 2024-06-12

  • Fix the digit format for the "Price" label field.

16.0.1.14.0 2024-04-26

  • Implement integration with the standard Odoo label layout wizard.
  • Add a setting to specify allowed label templates for users.
  • Improve tests.

16.0.1.13.1 2024-04-24

  • Improve the label preview.

16.0.1.13.0 2024-02-03

  • Add checks for digit values formatting.

16.0.1.12.2 2023-12-12

  • Fix linters warnings.

16.0.1.12.1 2023-11-28

  • Fix the product price calculation by quantity.

16.0.1.12.0 2023-11-14

  • Fix access rights for internal users without Administration rights.
  • Implement setting of the default label templates for users.
  • Allow to use the widget "barcode" for any field.

16.0.1.11.0 2023-11-06

  • Implement converting of URLs from relative URL type to absolute by the "Make absolute URL" option.

16.0.1.10.0 2023-09-18

  • Add an option to specify to include a product attribute name to a section with the type "Product Attributes" or not.

16.0.1.9.0 2023-09-15

  • Implement shortening of URLs with the link tracker Odoo feature.
  • Fix a QR code sizes calculation.
  • Add the "Archived" widget for label sections.
  • Improve the quality of QR codes - increase a code image dpi.
  • Add the "Label Templates" menu to the "Action" wizard menu.
  • Add an option to specify to add a product attrubute name or not to the "Product Attributes" section.

16.0.1.8.0 2023-08-14

  • Add new type "Promo Price" of label sections.
  • Add the print wizard setting "Sale Pricelist".
  • Add settings for the module to the General Settings. Move label preview settings to the section "Label printing".
  • Add new type "Multi Price" of label sections to show product prices based on quantity.
  • Remove the button box section with "Templates" button. You can open templates through the Settings - Technical - Reporting menu.
  • Add new type "Price" of label sections.

16.0.1.7.0 2023-07-04

  • Improve using of the "Date" fields.
  • Add ability to use "Selection" fields.

16.0.1.6.0 2023-06-23

  • Add ability to use the "Date" an "Datetime" fields in label templates.

16.0.1.5.0 2023-06-20

  • Implement resetting of field values in label section UI.
  • Add ability to select Many2one fields for the Relation Field in label template sections.

16.0.1.4.1 2023-05-31

  • Fix tests.

16.0.1.4.0 2023-05-14

  • Add the widget "Image" to print binary field values.
  • Add the widget "QR Code" to print QR codes.
  • Add a section type "Image" to upload own images and put them to labels.
  • Add a section type "Product Attributes" to print product variant atributes with values.
  • Implement ability to make custom multi labels on paper rolls, for example, 2 labels in row 50x25 mm for the paper roll with width 105 mm.

16.0.1.3.0 2023-05-02

  • Add feature to print product label directly (without download).

16.0.1.2.0 2023-04-15

  • Add the "Label Templates" menu to the "Settings" - "Technical" - "Reporting" section.
  • Improve label template preview, highlight the current section while editing.
  • Add color decorations for different types of label sections.
  • Add margin settings for label sections.

16.0.1.1.0 2023-03-25

  • Improve the "Price" field of product labels.

16.0.1.0.0 2023-03-16

  • Migration from 15.0.

14.0.1.4.1 2025-01-27

  • Improve the form view of label sections.

14.0.1.4.0 2024-10-26

  • Add the parameter "garazd_product_label_pro.barcode_multiplier" to enhance the barcode quality.
  • Add an image to show on preview when a product does not have a barcode.
  • Add the barcode option "Symbology" - barcode type with the available values: EAN8, EAN13, Code128, Auto.
  • Add the barcode option "Human-readable".
  • Add the PDF preview to the wizard, label template and label section form views. To preview labels in the real generated form.
  • Add an option to specify a font for label sections. It includes the following available fonts from the Google Fonts collection: Lato, Roboto, Open Sans, Montserrat, Oswald, Raleway.
  • Add a new widget "Attribute Values" to show available product attribute values and highlight the active attribute value for the label product.

14.0.1.3.4 2024-08-17

  • Add UA translations.
  • Add the "radio" widgets.

14.0.1.3.3 2024-06-12

  • Fix the digit format for the "Price" label field.

14.0.1.3.2 2024-01-15

  • Add checks for digit values formatting.

14.0.1.3.1 2023-12-15

  • Fix getting a currency for the product price when pricelist is not specified.
  • Fix using the barcode widget for digits fields.

14.0.1.3.0 2023-11-16

  • Fix access rights for internal users without Administration rights.
  • Implement setting of the default label templates for users.
  • Allow to use the widget "barcode" for any field.
  • Implement converting of URLs from relative URL type to absolute by the "Make absolute URL" option.

14.0.1.2.0 2023-09-19

  • Fix a QR code sizes calculation.
  • Add an option to specify to add a product attrubute name or not to the "Product Attributes" section.
  • Implement shortening of URLs with the link tracker Odoo feature.
  • Add the "Archived" widget for label sections.
  • Add the "Label Templates" menu to the "Action" wizard menu.

14.0.1.1.0 2023-09-05

  • Improve the QR code quality - increase a code image dpi.

14.0.1.0.0 2023-08-22

  • Migration from 15.0.

17.0.1.8.7 2025-12-04

  • Add the UPC-A barcode symbology.

17.0.1.8.6 2025-10-13

  • Improve label section views, move the Format and the Number Localization options to the Value Processing tab.
  • Remove restrictions for the Widget and the Format fields, not they are displayed and available always.

17.0.1.8.5 2025-08-21

  • Implement a default setting for users to activate label template previewing.

17.0.1.8.4 2025-08-20

  • Fix product quantities getting from stock moves when print via the standard Odoo print wizard (Stock Product Labels app is required as well).

17.0.1.8.3 2025-07-22

  • Implement the Date and Datetime value processing with the current user timezone.

17.0.1.8.2 2025-06-20

  • Add the "Current Date" special type of label sections to put the printing date and time on labels.

17.0.1.8.1 2025-06-12

  • Add the localization option for number formating to local standards, for instanse: "1000.00" -> "1.000,00".

17.0.1.8.0 2025-04-25

  • Improve the print wizard form view.
  • Improve label printing from the standard Odoo print wizard. Now, your custom labels can be printed directly, using third-party apps for integrations with Direct Print services and tools, like as PrintNode.
  • Add the ability to create new labels from the Label Template list.
  • Add a setting to specify what product to use on the label preview, the demo product or the real product from the wizard.

17.0.1.7.2 2025-02-19

  • Improve the standard print wizard compatibility.

17.0.1.7.1 2025-02-14

  • Add a demo stock picking using in the label designer.
  • Fix warnings for views.

17.0.1.7.0 2025-02-13

  • Implement a new label section type "Multi-section", that can contains several nested sections to retrieve a value.
  • Add a new widget "HTML" for relational fields, that allows using HTML markup and inserting several values from model records.
  • Add the ECC 200 DataMatrix barcode type.
  • Add a new "List" section type to use and show Many2many and One2many fields.
  • Add the Show Boundaries option to show the overlay on the editable section in the preview during design.

17.0.1.6.1 2025-01-20

  • Remove the default setting of demo pricelists to avoid error in a multi-company environment.

17.0.1.6.0 2025-01-15

  • Implement the label section "Language" option to specify a language that used to force a value translation for the section. So, you can put text values in different languages to a label.
  • Add an option to specify a background image for label templates.

17.0.1.5.6 2024-12-17

  • Improve printing via the default print wizard.

17.0.1.5.5 2024-12-13

  • Improve processing of the binary fields for nested relations.

17.0.1.5.4 2024-12-05

  • Fix adding of the horizontal gap between labels for multi-label sheets.

17.0.1.5.3 2024-11-06

  • Improve generating of label sections - skip inactive sections.

17.0.1.5.2 2024-11-04

  • Improve displaying of the "Product Attributes" type for label sections.
  • Add the option to specify allowed product attributes for the "Product Attributes" type of label sections.
  • Add the parameter "garazd_product_label_pro.barcode_multiplier" to enhance the barcode quality.
  • Add an image to show on preview when a product does not have a barcode.

17.0.1.5.1 2024-10-22

  • Add checking that a label section has a value before the post processing.

17.0.1.5.0 2024-10-17

  • Add the barcode option "Symbology" - barcode type with the available values: EAN8, EAN13, Code128, Auto.
  • Add the barcode option "Human-readable".
  • Add the PDF preview to the wizard, label template and label section form views. To preview labels in the real generated form.
  • Add an option to specify a font for label sections. It includes the following available fonts from the Google Fonts collection: Lato, Roboto, Open Sans, Montserrat, Oswald, Raleway, Tajawal.
  • Add a new widget "Attribute Values" to show available product attribute values and highlight the active attribute value for the label product.

17.0.1.4.0 2024-09-26

  • Implement the PDF preview in the popup window.
  • Add an option to specify a custom font for label sections (only Google Fonts that are availale in Odoo).

17.0.1.3.4 2024-09-19

  • Add the value processing options the "Prefix" and "Suffix".
  • Fix the label type field.

17.0.1.3.3 2024-09-11

  • Add logic to extend the price calculation.

17.0.1.3.2 2024-09-05

  • Add term translations for Ukrainian language.

17.0.1.3.1 2024-07-06

  • Improve accessing of the "Image" section types.

17.0.1.3.0 2024-06-18

17.0.1.2.3 2024-06-15

  • Fix reusing of "Print Labels" method.
  • Improve showing of the custom label template field on the Odoo standard print wizard.

17.0.1.2.2 2024-06-12

  • Fix the digit format for the "Price" label field.

17.0.1.2.1 2024-04-24

  • Add checks for digit values formatting.

17.0.1.2.0 2023-12-13

  • Add README.rst.
  • Fix linter warnings.

17.0.1.1.0 2023-11-20

  • Fix access rights for internal users without Administration rights.
  • Implement setting of the default label templates for users.
  • Allow to use the widget "barcode" for any field.

17.0.1.0.0 2023-11-08

  • Migration from 16.0.

18.0.2.2.0 2026-04-07

  • Include the Stock Labels app as a contant dependency.
  • Implement using of the standard print wizard to print Stock Lots.
  • Implement automatic label printing for stock operations.
  • Fix encoding of special characters for ZPL labels.

18.0.2.1.1 2026-03-03

  • Implement an option to rotate ZPL labels by 90, 180, or 270 degrees.
  • Implement printing in ZPL from the standard print wizard.

18.0.2.1.0 2026-01-27

  • Add functionality for printing labels in ZPL format.
  • Implement the option for label backgrounds with dynamic images from products and other objects.
  • Add DE translations.

18.0.2.0.0 2025-11-12

  • Separate the solution to two parts - the Start Edition with the basic functionality, and Professional Edition with the full functionality.
  • Remove dependent module "garazd_product_label_print". Logic is moved to the "garazd_label_builder" module.
  • Implement supporting of PDF417 barcodes.
  • Add new label templates as for products, and for partners (Address Labels) as well.
  • Add the "Zoom To Fit" option for label sections to improve previewing of large size labels.

18.0.1.4.4 2025-09-03

  • Implement converting of the WebP images to JPEG for compatibility with wkhtmltopdf.

18.0.1.4.3 2025-08-20

  • Fix product quantities getting from stock moves when print via the standard Odoo print wizard (Stock Product Labels app is required as well).

18.0.1.4.2 2025-07-22

  • Implement the Date and Datetime value processing with the current user timezone.

18.0.1.4.1 2025-07-16

  • Refactor price processing method.

18.0.1.4.0 2025-07-03

  • Improve UI.
  • Set the default section height as 5 mm.
  • Add an option to save the label preview switch state to user settings.
  • Improve the view of the new template adding wizard.

18.0.1.3.8 2025-06-20

  • Add the "Current Date" special type of label sections to put the printing date and time on labels.

18.0.1.3.7 2025-06-14

  • Improve the label template duplicate feature.

18.0.1.3.6 2025-06-12

  • Add the localization option for number formating to local standards, for instanse: "1000.00" -> "1.000,00".
  • Improve compatibility with the standard Odoo print wizard.

18.0.1.3.5 2025-06-04

  • Fix the recursion warning, change the "_check_recursion" method using to the "_has_cycle".

18.0.1.3.4 2025-05-28

  • Improve the general settings view.

18.0.1.3.3 2025-05-23

  • Improve the user setting view.

18.0.1.3.2 2025-05-02

  • Fixed access to label binary fields (images).

18.0.1.3.1 2025-05-01

  • Add a technical method for label styles.

18.0.1.3.0 2025-04-25

  • Improve label printing from the standard Odoo print wizard. Now, your custom labels can be printed directly, using third-party apps for integrations with Direct Print services and tools, like as PrintNode.
  • Add the ability to create new labels from the Label Template list.
  • Implement a feature to clone label templates.
  • Add the demo stock picking setting to use in the label preview.
  • Implement a new label section type "Multi-section", that can contains several nested sections to retrieve a value.
  • Add a new widget "HTML" for relational fields, that allows using HTML markup and inserting several values from model records.
  • Add a new "List" section type to use and show Many2many and One2many fields.

18.0.1.2.0 2025-04-22

  • Improve the print wizard view.
  • Add the ECC 200 DataMatrix barcode type.
  • Add the Show Boundaries option to show the overlay on the editable section in the preview during design.
  • Implement the label section "Language" option to specify a language that used to force a value translation for the section. So, you can put text values in different languages to a label.

18.0.1.1.1 2025-04-18

  • Improve printing via the default print wizard.

18.0.1.1.0 2024-12-13

  • Improve views with the "invisible" fields.
  • Improve processing of the binary fields for nested relations.
  • Fix adding of the horizontal gap between labels for multi-label sheets.
  • Improve previewing of label sections - skip inactive sections.
  • Add the option to specify allowed product attributes for the "Product Attributes" type of label sections.
  • Add the parameter "garazd_product_label_pro.barcode_multiplier" to enhance the barcode quality.
  • Add checking that a label section has a value before the post processing.

18.0.1.0.1 2024-12-11

  • Fix tests.

18.0.1.0.0 2024-10-22

  • Migration from 17.0.

19.0.1.2.0 2026-04-08

  • Include the Stock Labels app as a contant dependency.
  • Implement using of the standard print wizard to print Stock Lots.
  • Implement automatic label printing for stock operations.

19.0.1.1.4 2026-04-06

  • Fix encoding of special characters for ZPL labels.

19.0.1.1.3 2026-02-28

  • Implement an option to rotate ZPL labels by 90, 180, or 270 degrees.
  • Implement printing in ZPL from the standard print wizard.

19.0.1.1.2 2026-02-13

  • Fix log message state when trying to import external python library.

19.0.1.1.1 2026-02-04

  • Fix method to get barcode size.

19.0.1.1.0 2026-01-27

  • Add functionality for printing labels in ZPL format.

19.0.1.0.3 2026-01-09

  • Improve dynamic background generation for labels.

19.0.1.0.2 2025-12-15

  • Implement the option for label backgrounds with dynamic images from products and other objects.

19.0.1.0.1 2025-11-18

  • Improve sections with the Multiple prices type.
  • Remove the Multi Price Limit field, use the Multi Limit instead.

19.0.1.0.0 2025-10-01

  • Migration from 18.0.

Resources

Reviews

Our customers have already appreciated the quality, reliability, and performance of the solutions we offer

5.0 / 5
Login to leave a comment

FAQ

Can I install the module on Odoo Online (SAAS)?

No, Odoo Online is hosting where it is impossible to add any third-party module and install it. The Import module feature can't upload modules in a way that is required for their proper work.